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# Backtrader and Zipline on Current Case-Study Strategies


# Backtrader and Zipline on Current Case-Study Strategies

This notebook reports the Backtrader and Zipline Reloaded rows from the current real-strategy
audit. It does not infer asset support from ML4T's configurability: a pair is included only when
the external engine and frozen bundle can express the same native contract.

**Learning objectives**

- Compare Backtrader and Zipline against ML4T on supported real strategies
- Apply a monetary comparison unit to account values without weakening fill comparison
- Interpret the measured engine-only runtime boundary
- Use synthetic stress evidence as a secondary conformance result

**Book reference**: Chapter 16, Section 16.3

## Setup

```python
"""Current Backtrader and Zipline parity evidence."""

import json

import polars as pl
from IPython.display import display

from utils.paths import get_chapter_dir
```

```python
# Production defaults - Papermill injects overrides after this cell
ROUND_SECONDS = 3
```

```python
AUDIT_PATH = get_chapter_dir(16) / "resources" / "framework_parity_audit.json"
audit = json.loads(AUDIT_PATH.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
FRAMEWORKS = ["backtrader", "zipline"]
FRAMEWORK_NAMES = {
    key: f"{audit['frameworks'][key]['display_name']} {audit['frameworks'][key]['version']}"
    for key in FRAMEWORKS
}
CASE_NAMES = {
    "etfs": "ETF allocation",
    "cme_futures": "CME futures",
    "crypto_perps_funding": "Crypto perpetual funding",
    "fx_pairs": "FX allocation (USD-quoted pairs)",
    "us_equities_panel": "US equity panel",
}
```

## 1. Required comparisons

```python
results = (
    pl.DataFrame(audit["real_strategy_records"])
    .filter(pl.col("framework").is_in(FRAMEWORKS))
    .with_columns(
        pl.col("case_study").replace_strict(CASE_NAMES).alias("strategy"),
        pl.col("framework").replace_strict(FRAMEWORK_NAMES).alias("engine"),
    )
    .select(
        "strategy",
        "engine",
        "status",
        "fills",
        "valuations",
        "valuation_timestamps_match",
        "equity_gap",
        "equity_raw_gap",
        "terminal_gap",
        "terminal_raw_gap",
    )
    .sort("strategy", "engine")
)

assert results.height == 6
assert results.filter(pl.col("status") == "pass").height == 6
assert results["valuation_timestamps_match"].all()

display(results)
```

Backtrader and Zipline both participate in the ETF and US equity-panel comparisons. Backtrader
also participates in the CME and USD-quoted foreign-exchange comparisons. The fill stream is
compared at eight-decimal price precision and five-decimal quantity precision, while account
values must round to the same cent. Zipline has no required CME or spot-FX row because the frozen
inputs do not map to its native asset models.

## 2. Unsupported asset models

```python
unsupported = (
    pl.DataFrame(audit["unsupported_records"])
    .filter(pl.col("framework").is_in(FRAMEWORKS))
    .with_columns(
        pl.col("case_study").replace_strict(CASE_NAMES).alias("strategy"),
        pl.col("framework").replace_strict(FRAMEWORK_NAMES).alias("engine"),
    )
    .select("strategy", "engine", "reason")
    .sort("strategy", "engine")
)
display(unsupported)
```

Neither engine is credited with crypto-perpetual funding support it does not natively provide.
Unsupported rows are excluded from the pass denominator.

## 3. Engine-only timing

Timing is retained only for correctness-passing rows and covers the engine call only.

```python
timing = (
    pl.DataFrame(audit["performance_records"])
    .filter(pl.col("framework").is_in(FRAMEWORKS))
    .with_columns(
        pl.col("case_study").replace_strict(CASE_NAMES).alias("strategy"),
        pl.col("framework").replace_strict(FRAMEWORK_NAMES).alias("engine"),
        pl.col("framework_median_seconds").round(ROUND_SECONDS).alias("external_seconds"),
        pl.col("ml4t_median_seconds").round(ROUND_SECONDS).alias("ml4t_seconds"),
        pl.col("framework_to_ml4t_ratio").round(2).alias("external_div_ml4t"),
    )
    .select("strategy", "engine", "external_seconds", "ml4t_seconds", "external_div_ml4t")
)

assert timing.height == 6
display(timing)
```

The timer excludes data and adapter preparation. The ratios should not be applied to other
strategies or machines.

## 4. Synthetic stress evidence

```python
stress = (
    pl.DataFrame(audit["synthetic_stress"]["records"])
    .filter(pl.col("framework").is_in(FRAMEWORKS))
    .with_columns(pl.col("framework").replace_strict(FRAMEWORK_NAMES).alias("engine"))
    .select("engine", "intents", "fills", "trades", "terminal_value", "status")
)
display(stress)
```

Both synthetic stress rows pass against their matching ML4T profiles. Their terminal values differ
because the profiles reproduce different framework conventions. The test is pairwise: ML4T versus
Backtrader and ML4T versus Zipline. The workload tests scale and event conventions, while the
required rows above determine the real-data comparison.