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20,364 dokumentov
The document asks why Laguerre polynomials are used as regression basis functions in Longstaff–Schwartz Monte Carlo pricing of American options. It cites discussion of multicollinearity among basis functions and a separate numerical comparison that found…
The document seeks monthly market capitalization data for a set of equity, commodity, bond, and real estate indices. The intended use is to construct a value-weighted benchmark across asset classes for portfolio optimization and to estimate returns with…
The document raises a preprocessing question: how to transform a time series with changing volatility before using it as a predictor in a regression model. The author reports trying several scaling methods without obtaining satisfactory stationarity, and…
The document asks how to implement Rebonato’s approximation for swaption volatility in C++. The formula combines swap weights, forward rates, correlations, and the integrated products of forward-rate volatilities. With piecewise-constant volatilities, each…
The document derives the correlation between two stocks under a single-market-factor setup. Each stock’s return is decomposed into a market-driven component, scaled by its beta, and a residual component. Given the assumption that residual returns are…
The document clarifies the maturity value of a money market holding that is worth K multiplied by a discount factor at time t. Because the amount is invested in an account earning the risk-free rate, its value grows from time t to T by the corresponding…
The document discusses how financial pattern discovery can extend beyond traditional technical analysis. It distinguishes loosely defined chart patterns and indicator rules from approaches that state hypotheses mathematically and evaluate them with…
The document explains how to estimate the units of a EUR/JPY spot short when the account balance is denominated in USD. The key step is to convert the available USD balance into the base currency, EUR, using the EUR/USD exchange rate. In the example,…
The document suggests three input features for training a binary classifier to predict bid or ask price movement from high-frequency order book and trade data: bid-ask spread, bid-ask volume imbalance, and signed transaction volume. Signed volume is positive…
Antithetic sampling pairs each simulated random draw with a complementary draw, such as transforming a uniform probability by taking its complement. For normally distributed inputs, this produces paired values with equal and opposite standardized shocks.…
A defaultable bond’s market price reflects interest rates, the probability of default, and the value expected after default, represented by recovery or loss given default. The relative influence of these factors changes with credit quality: interest rates…
The document explains why a company’s exchange listings do not directly reveal what share of its equity is owned by investors in each country. Identical or equivalent shares and depositary receipts may be fungible in value, while reported share counts may…
The document extends the Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process by allowing its mean-reversion level to vary over time. Applying an integrating factor gives a closed-form stochastic solution: the initial value decays exponentially, the drift function contributes through…
The document outlines a framework for measuring corporate bond credit risk through CDS spreads. It describes deriving default and survival probabilities from CDS quotes, then pricing bond cash flows with risk-free discounting and a recovery component. Since…
The discussion asks whether a binary option always has a Black–Scholes implied volatility and presents several competing answers. A binary call price can rise and then fall as volatility increases, so an observed price may correspond to two volatility…
The document asks whether swap rates with different fixed-leg payment frequencies should be adjusted before bootstrapping zero curves intended for comparison. It contrasts annual fixed payments for euro swaps with semiannual fixed payments for US dollar…
The document asks how to sample a Wiener process with specified starting and ending values as well as a prescribed maximum and minimum, extending the usual Brownian bridge setup. A response outlines an approximate construction for a fixed maximum: simulate a…
The document considers how to assemble an ETF universe for historical portfolio-allocation backtests. One response suggests using a finance screener to sort ETFs by inception date, but cautions that requiring funds to exist by a chosen early date can sharply…
The document compares variance-covariance value-at-risk calculations in Excel and R for a portfolio of four stocks. It reports that the results agree at a confidence level of 0.5 but differ at 0.95, and shows R output from a Gaussian VaR calculation using…
The document examines valuing a corridor variance swap partway through its life, when realized variance is known for the elapsed period but future variance remains uncertain. It explains that a standard variance swap can be replicated in theory by weighting…
The document considers how to run Fama-French regressions for euro-denominated investments when the available factors are in US dollars and the investments may also carry international currency exposure. It contrasts converting returns to dollars, using euro…
The document explains how Bloomberg’s bond “true yield” accounts for payment dates adjusted for weekends and holidays. Its central claim is that the yield calculation retains the bond’s original day-count convention, while shifting discount periods to…
The discussion distinguishes bond valuation from portfolio weighting. A bond’s quoted clean or dirty price is a percentage of par, so multiplying that price by the notional held gives the market value of the position. For a portfolio’s dollar value,…
The discussion classifies second-order partial differential equations as elliptic, parabolic, or hyperbolic, then connects those types to financial models. Option values derived from Itô processes generally have a first-order time derivative and second-order…