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20,364 dokumentov
The document asks how to estimate annualized historical volatility when price observations arrive at unequal time intervals. Its baseline method for evenly spaced data calculates returns over a fixed window, takes their sample standard deviation, and scales…
The discussion examines how to estimate a cryptocurrency yield curve when perpetual futures are the only obvious derivatives market. One answer emphasizes that a curve describes rates across maturities at a point in time; forecasting future funding rates is…
The discussion weighs whether one person can learn quantitative finance and build predictive trading models, especially with machine learning. It distinguishes learning the subject from earning a living through algorithmic trading: study partners can help…
The discussion considers two vanilla calls written on different, correlated assets under a Black–Scholes framework. For claims driven by correlated geometric Brownian motions, the instantaneous option returns inherit the underlying Brownian correlation,…
The discussion examines how market-data latency affects order decisions and claims about market efficiency. When order book updates arrive faster than a non-colocated trader can receive information and send an order, the displayed book may no longer reflect…
The answer explains why two Bloomberg tickers for the US five-year-forward, five-year inflation expectation can differ. One is derived from zero-coupon inflation swap quotes: it approximates the forward rate by doubling the ten-year swap quote and…
The answer challenges the idea that implied volatility (IV) is simply an unbiased forecast of future realized volatility. An option’s IV varies by strike and maturity, forming a smile or skew, while realized volatility is a single measure for a period. IV…
The document considers whether a portfolio should rebalance less often when its return forecasts cover a longer horizon. It explains that more frequent rebalancing can incorporate updated views and potentially improve alignment with target exposures, while…
The document distinguishes SWIFT and FIX by their structure and common roles. SWIFT is described as an organization operating a network that uses ISO messaging standards, while FIX is a non-proprietary set of messaging standards that does not prescribe its…
The document offers a basic principle for market makers managing quotes across multiple securities: adjust prices in response to inventory in the quoted asset, and also account for inventory in assets considered similar. This extends single-instrument…
The document explains how to interpret the Treynor ratio, which measures a portfolio’s excess return per unit of beta, alongside the CAPM market risk premium. Under CAPM with zero alpha, a portfolio’s expected Treynor ratio equals the market risk premium.…
The document compares two yield curve construction approaches: interpolating quoted spot rates and deriving discount factors, or interpolating discount factors directly. It asks why the latter may produce a smoother implied forward curve when using linear…
The document discusses how to update a one-step-ahead ARIMA forecast after a new observation arrives. It outlines several choices: refit the model parameters while keeping the selected orders fixed, repeat model selection as well as estimation, keep…
The document lists potential sources for historical foreign exchange tick data, including TrueFX, Dukascopy, TickStory Lite, and HistData.com. It presents Dukascopy as an option for downloading hourly data files, either through a website or direct scripted…
The document clarifies the relationship between a bond position, duration, and convexity. It distinguishes a long position in a conventional coupon bond, which has positive duration and convexity, from a short position, which has negative convexity exposure.…
The document describes a problem in out-of-sample modeling of GARCH-filtered residuals using a semiparametric distribution with a generalized Pareto tail. When the GPD shape parameter is negative, the tail has a finite endpoint. The inverse CDF can therefore…
The document raises a practical question about calculating potential future exposure (PFE) in an XVA pricing engine. It distinguishes the valuation of a derivative at a future horizon from the market inputs used to obtain that valuation. Curves and implied…
The document explains how to value a fund arrangement in which party B receives scheduled proportional payments, party A covers a shortfall at maturity, and party C receives any surplus. Under risk-neutral valuation, the terminal claims of A and C are priced…
The document derives the cash account needed to keep a portfolio self-financing when its stock holding changes over time. Portfolio value is written as the shares held times the stock price plus the balance in an interest-bearing account. Applying the…
The document surveys practical ways pension plans can set investment risk appetite within an asset-liability management framework. It presents examples from public pension investors: risk limits can include relative performance measures against a reference…
The document explains how principal component analysis (PCA) is used to summarize yield curve movements. In the example, the first three components account for 58%, 85%, and 93% of cumulative variance, and their coefficient patterns are commonly interpreted…
The document asks how to assess three portfolios against the Capital Market Line (CML) and how to allocate capital to achieve a target return. With a 2% risk-free rate and a market portfolio expected to return 10% with 20% standard deviation, the CML slope…
The document explains a QuantLib credit default swap calibration failure that occurs with a higher assumed recovery rate for the supplied market spreads. The calibration seeks risk neutral survival probabilities by solving for curve parameters. If the inputs…
This exchange clarifies how QuantLib curve constructors interpret rate inputs in a Hull–White short rate simulation setup. A FlatForward curve is built from a single forward rate quote, so passing an array of rates to its scalar quote object causes a type…