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20,364 dokumenter
The document considers which interest-rate maturities are appropriate when calculating the rate differential for AUDUSD, using a one-month currency futures contract as its example. It distinguishes the question of which maturity to select from the practical…
The document asks how exchanges obtain implied volatilities and Greeks for American-style stock options, where early exercise makes direct use of standard European option formulas unsuitable. It suggests that a computationally manageable tree or…
The document clarifies where to obtain the Fama–French value factor, HML, and how it relates to portfolios sorted by company size and book-to-market. The six size and book-to-market portfolio returns can be used to reproduce HML, so labels such as the…
The document formulates portfolio liquidation as a continuous-time optimization. It balances a trading cost that depends on the rate of position change against a penalty for holding portfolio variance, represented using positions and their covariance matrix.…
The document asks whether a stock’s dividend value under a Gordon-style discounted cash-flow model should include an additional option to sell when its market price exceeds the present value of future dividends. It frames the ability to liquidate before an…
The document examines whether a two-asset minimum-variance portfolio can determine how much of one stock to buy or short against a holding in another. It describes calculating the portfolio weight from the assets’ return volatilities and correlation, then…
The document poses a stochastic modeling question: how to represent a geometric Brownian motion and an Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process whose innovations have a specified correlation. The first process models a quantity with proportional drift and diffusion, while…
The document explains why a trial-and-error Black–Scholes calculation can return a range of implied volatility estimates that appear to reproduce the same option price. The cause is limited numerical precision: the search stops when the difference between…
The document asks how a market maker could train a regression model to estimate fair value when the target label is not directly observed. The accepted answer explains that a fair-value proxy can be calculated from current order-book data: the mid-price…
The document presents a conceptual question about risk-neutral valuation and the law of one price. It asks how equal expected cash flows could imply equal current prices, given that realized cash flows may differ and a trade intended to exploit a price…
The document asks how the transition from EONIA to the euro short-term rate (€STR, called ESTER in the text) could affect discounting for new and existing derivatives, curve construction, and the treatment of any basis between the rates. The question is…
The document raises a modeling question about representing a jump-diffusion process in discrete time. It notes that Amin (1993) presents a convergent discrete version, but describes it as computationally inefficient and non-recombining. Other proposed…
The document considers how binary options differ conceptually from casino bets. One answer distinguishes the underlying risk: financial contracts can reference economic outcomes that matter to investors and businesses even without the contract, such as…
The document explains dollar rolls from the perspective of the buyer, who purchases TBA mortgage-backed securities for a nearer month and sells them for a later month. Because delivery follows SIFMA guidelines and allows variation in pool characteristics…
The document explains credit exposure in a collateralized repo from the perspective of a bank that borrows cash from a hedge fund and posts bonds. The lender’s exposure is the cash advanced minus the market value of the collateral. If the posted bonds rise…
The document derives European put-call parity by comparing a long call and short put at the same strike and maturity with a long forward contract. Their terminal payoffs match in every case: above the strike, the call pays the difference; below it, the short…
The document describes a way to estimate daily S&P 500 dividends when a direct daily dividend series is unavailable. Compare the price index return with the total return index return: their difference approximates the dividend contribution for that day.…
This discussion offers a framework for selecting a dependable real-time stock data feed, especially for second-by-second or tick data. It separates use cases by latency and fidelity needs: a broker's streaming feed may suit users without strict latency…
The question asks for an intuitive explanation of the Black–Scholes result that an at-the-money call's delta approaches one as volatility tends to zero when the risk-free rate is positive. The poster understands the formula but is trying to interpret its…
This discussion concerns a research project comparing historical, implied, and stochastic volatility approaches for forecasting future volatility. The researcher has implemented several historical-volatility estimators, including moving and exponential…
The document gives a simplified account of how yield curve control may affect borrowing costs. A central bank can buy government bonds to hold their prices up and their yields down. Because government yields help anchor the rates used to price private…
The document explains a basic manual market-making approach in index futures: quote both bid and ask, attempt to earn the spread, and manage an unbalanced position after one side fills. If a trader sells to a buyer at the ask and the market moves higher…
The document considers how to estimate a hedge ratio for offsetting movements in one equity index with another. It compares the conventional return-based beta, the inverse regression orientation, and a beta calculated from absolute price changes. The key…
The document explains why a probability density evaluated at a standardized observation differs from the density on the original measurement scale. If a variable with mean and standard deviation is transformed to a unit normal variable, its density changes…