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20,364 dokumentov
The document explains how to use QuantLib’s FixedRateBondHelper to bootstrap a discount curve from bond market data. It distinguishes the bond’s coupon, which defines its scheduled cash flows, from its quoted price, which calibrates the curve. Short-maturity…
The note explains how a proportional deterministic change in a stock price leads to continuously compounded returns. Starting from the model dx/x = a dt when the stochastic term is absent, recognize that dx/x is the differential of the natural logarithm of…
The note addresses whether factors in an asset-pricing model must be returns on traded portfolios. It describes a macroeconomic factor model that includes measures such as industrial production growth and inflation surprises alongside bond return spreads.…
The note derives bond price sensitivity to yield for a bond with semiannual coupons and corrects a missing chain-rule factor. Differentiating the discounted cash-flow formula with respect to yield introduces a factor of one half in the first derivative and…
The note explains why a floating-rate bond is generally valued near its face value when issued and immediately after a coupon resets. For the first accrual period, the forward coupon rate is already known and matches the discount rate used for that period,…
The document compares several definitions of high-frequency trading and explains why trades per second alone do not settle the question. Some answers focus on very short holding periods or tick-level data, while another emphasizes latency-sensitive…
The document presents QuantLib code that constructs a Black–Scholes process and an American-style vanilla option with specified dividend dates and amounts. The pricing function accepts a valuation date, expiry, call or put designation, strike, time-step…
The document asks how to invert an options pricing formula associated with Roll’s compound formula to investigate lead–lag effects between stocks and options. The author has daily data for the NIFTY index and is trying to understand work attributed to Roll…
The document surveys ways to express a view on how volatility itself changes. It distinguishes realized volatility of volatility from implied volatility of volatility and describes several candidate exposures: options on volatility products, variance-swap…
The document studies the Itô integral of the square root of the absolute value of a standard Brownian motion over a fixed time interval. It corrects the calculation approach by using two general properties of Itô integrals: a suitable adapted integrand…
The document asks when prices from a Cox–Ross–Rubinstein binomial tree converge to Black–Scholes prices as the time partition becomes finer, and whether the same behavior applies to Black pricing for options on forwards or futures. The answer gives an…
The document discusses potential drawbacks of using deep learning to calibrate and price a full implied-volatility surface. It notes that neural methods can produce very fast calibration at application time, while training may involve substantial…
The document addresses why an at-the-money call’s familiar delta of about one half does not match the full payoff change in a large, single-step move. Delta is a local sensitivity: in the theoretical continuous-time setting, it approximates how an option’s…
The document explains how to estimate an index-futures hedge for a portfolio of stocks under the Capital Asset Pricing Model. For each holding, multiply its market value by its beta to the chosen index, then add those amounts. The resulting exposure…
The discussion considers how to simulate returns for a portfolio containing many equities and bonds while retaining realistic dependence across assets. The initial proposal estimates historical means, standard deviations, and correlations, draws multivariate…
This document collects book recommendations for readers who want to understand the mathematics used in quantitative finance research. The suggestions span introductory mathematical tools, including calculus, optimization, numerical methods, and risk-neutral…
The document raises a modeling question about combining GARCH volatility filtering with peaks-over-threshold extreme value theory (POT) and Markov chain Monte Carlo estimation. The researcher fits several conditional volatility specifications, including…
The discussion examines how to value an investment described as $50,000 growing at 6% annually over ten years when the discount rate is 4%. Its central lesson is that present value depends on what the stated growth represents and when cash flows occur. If…
The document concerns retrieving historical interest-rate curve values through Bloomberg’s TIA Python wrapper. The curve field shown in the question returns a current value, and the accepted response says that the relevant ICVS curves are not available…
The document explains why a stochastic local volatility model can combine features of local volatility and stochastic volatility. It writes the asset’s instantaneous volatility as a stochastic factor multiplied by a state- and time-dependent local factor.…
The document addresses whether CME options on one-month SOFR futures continue trading during the month when the underlying SOFR rate is measured. This matters for implied volatility modeling: if trading overlaps the averaging period, remaining uncertainty…
The document presents an arbitrage argument for convexity of European call option prices as a function of strike. If the price at a middle strike were at least as high as the average prices of two equally spaced neighboring strikes, a trader could buy the…
The question asks whether equity prices and corporate credit spreads should move in opposite directions, especially for riskier firms, and whether that relationship carries over to stock returns and spread changes. The response invokes Merton’s structural…
This exchange explains how to request monthly historical prices for Bloomberg securities through Rblpapi. The key correction is that periodicity is a request option, not an override: set the option name to `periodicitySelection`, use the value `MONTHLY`, and…