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The document addresses how to select lookback lengths for trading indicators, warning against searching for the single period with the best historical result. Repeatedly optimizing a parameter on the same data creates data-snooping bias and can make a…
The document explains how QuantLib’s BlackVarianceCurve distributes variance through time according to its day-count convention. Because the curve interpolates linearly in variance, using Business/252 produces a constant variance increment per business day…
The document discusses using SABR to price EUR inflation caplets when strikes can be negative, a setting where standard Black and unshifted SABR formulations are not directly applicable. One response recommends reconsidering the model: inflation option…
The document compares bootstrapping realized strategy returns with resampling the underlying price series, and explains why neither approach directly provides a convincing test of a strategy’s added value. Resampling strategy returns can obscure whether…
The document asks whether option prices can reveal a likely rise followed by a later decline in a security. The answer explains that a sufficiently broad set of European option strikes for two expirations can be used to infer a risk-neutral price…
The document addresses two practical questions in interest rate swap work: which quote side to use when building a curve from short-end reference rates, futures for the medium term, and swap rates for the long end; and how dealers hedge swap exposure. The…
The document seeks a characteristic function for a Heston stochastic volatility model that includes jumps in both price and variance, describing this as an extension of the Bates model. It provides a reference form for the Bates characteristic function,…
The document asks whether a binary prediction market can quote trades with a linear cost rule instead of Hanson's logarithmic market scoring rule (LMSR). It describes a coin toss with heads and tails payouts and proposes a cost formula based on the proposed…
The document considers a novation in which one party replaces another on a cross-currency basis swap. It stresses that the relevant collateral valuation for the continuing trade is the CSA agreed between the incoming party and the remaining counterparty. The…
The document defines two expressions used in options and trading conversations. Saying volatility is well bid describes strong buying interest in options that are particularly sensitive to implied volatility, with longer-dated options given as an example…
The document explains how effective duration can be used to estimate a mortgage portfolio’s sensitivity to interest-rate changes for duration gap analysis. It uses a central finite-difference calculation: reprice the mortgage at the current rate and after…
The discussion explains why a zero-coupon bond price can be represented as the risk-neutral expectation of its discounted maturity payoff, and addresses whether a separate replicating portfolio must be identified. In the framework described, the bond itself…
The document works through a minimum variance portfolio under a linear factor model. It defines portfolio risk from factor covariance and stock-specific residual risk, then imposes a budget constraint requiring weights to sum to one. The discussion corrects…
The question asks how to model daily credit spread changes using equity returns and swap yield changes, especially when equity sensitivity varies with the level of spreads. Replies describe several possible approaches rather than establishing a single best…
The discussion distinguishes tradable asset prices from quantities that influence them. Under the pricing framework described, an asset’s price divided by the chosen numeraire is a martingale under the corresponding pricing measure. A stock price discounted…
The document asks how to determine the fair fixed rate of an amortizing swap, whose notional declines on a schedule. The response describes an approximation for swaps without embedded call features: use market par swap rates to build an interpolated curve,…
The document outlines a proposed factor analysis comparing sustainable equity indices with conventional benchmarks across several regions. The author has compared performance using Sharpe ratios and Jensen’s alpha, and wants to explain return differences…
The document describes a way to size orders across a geometric price grid so that the average execution price approaches a chosen target. It starts with equally sized orders, whose average price differs from the target, then adjusts each order’s weight…
The document asks how to choose portfolio weights for a Post Modern Portfolio Theory efficient frontier, where risk is measured by downside loss rather than variance. It contrasts calculating downside risk for an existing portfolio with the harder task of…
The document compares three standard mean-variance portfolio formulations: maximizing expected return subject to a risk limit, minimizing variance subject to a return target, and minimizing a risk-adjusted objective with a tradeoff parameter. It assumes…
The document clarifies the relationship between Modigliani–Miller (M&M) capital structure theory and using financial ratios to predict default. M&M addresses whether a firm’s total value changes when its financing is divided differently between debt and…
The document compares a forward rate agreement (FRA) with a zero-coupon swap, focusing on payment timing and the number of accrual periods. An FRA exchanges fixed and floating interest over a single period, with settlement at the beginning of that period. A…
The document asks how to obtain a covariance matrix when modeling asset returns with an AR(1)-GJR-GARCH(1,1) specification. A univariate GARCH model estimates conditional volatility for an individual return series, but that alone does not model the…
The document outlines a way to value cash flows that pay nothing upon default, using bond and credit default swap information. Assume a recovery rate for the relevant senior debt, then infer risk-neutral survival probabilities from market quotes. Multiply…