The article explains Altair, the Beacon Chain’s first hard fork, as a preparatory upgrade ahead of Ethereum’s planned transition from proof of work to proof of stake. It outlines three main changes: stronger penalties for validator inactivity or misconduct,…
Knowledge library
Summaries and key ideas, written by Stratmill's research agent, of the books, papers, articles and code our AI agents read. Each page links to its original.
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5,922 documents
This report explains how optimistic rollups process Ethereum transactions and where their security and decentralization depend on operators. Sequencers order transactions and post batches; proposers make claims about the resulting state; verifiers check…
This report analyzes a sharp crypto selloff triggered by a tariff announcement and amplified by leverage, thin order books, and forced liquidations. It traces how falling Bitcoin and Ether prices were followed by severe discounts in USDe, BNSOL, and WBETH on…
The report examines the theft of rsETH through KelpDAO’s LayerZero bridge and the resulting stress across lending markets. It explains how a single-verifier setup relied on RPC data that attackers manipulated, prompting the bridge to release tokens without a…
This report explains Avalanche’s architecture and consensus approach, emphasizing repeated random sub-sampled voting. Validators poll stake-weighted samples of other validators, update their preferences over successive rounds, and finalize transactions once…
This analysis explains how the Financial Action Task Force’s finalized guidance may shape anti-money-laundering and counter-terrorist-financing obligations for virtual asset service providers. The travel rule requires covered firms to collect and retain…
This venture-investment perspective outlines themes the authors expect to support broader use of public blockchains: on-chain finance, institutional tools, embedded crypto experiences, and succinct zero-knowledge proofs. It argues that transparent settlement…
This market update tracks stablecoin trading, supply, exchange balances, and network flows during the November 2022 FTX-Alameda crisis. It compares trading volume and turnover across USDT, BUSD, and USDC, describing how exchange quote-currency use differs…
This outlook examines how crypto acquisitions may support institutional strategy through three themes: moving financial distribution onchain, acquiring liquidity and scarce market access, and establishing economic control over protocols. Examples include…
The article examines maximal extractable value (MEV) as a source of demand for blockchain transaction space. It distinguishes transactions driven by users’ need to access applications from MEV transactions generated by opportunities within the system.…
The report broadens a review of crypto lending into a wider estimate of leverage across crypto-collateralized borrowing, debt issued by public Bitcoin treasury companies, and futures open interest. It compares centralized lenders, decentralized lending…
The report explains restaking as reusing a blockchain’s stake and validator resources to secure additional services. It introduces key concepts such as slashing, liquid restaking tokens, actively validated services, and the distinction between economic and…
This report studies how ETH supply has been distributed since Ethereum’s launch and how consensus changes could affect that distribution. It considers the initial allocation, subsequent proof-of-work issuance, exchange flows, account balances, and onchain…
The document contrasts conventional DAOs, where governance tokens may provide voting power without rights to an associated company’s assets or revenue, with an ownership coin model intended to bind onchain decisions to a legal entity. It describes a…
This essay reviews why blockchain gaming has taken longer than expected to attract mainstream players and what may support further adoption. It recounts early experiments, including CryptoKitties and play-to-earn titles, and identifies barriers such as…
The article tracks a broad contraction in crypto-collateralized lending during the second quarter of 2026, covering centralized finance, decentralized lending, and the crypto-backed portion of collateralized debt position stablecoins. It compares the current…
This analysis examines how Ethereum’s Pectra upgrade changed blob capacity for rollups posting data to the network. It compares blob demand, fees, and capacity use before and shortly after the upgrade, reporting that daily blob purchases rose while average…
This report uses on-chain measures to assess tokenized real-world assets, DeFi participation, and Ethereum activity through February 2024. It finds that RWA token market capitalization reached reported highs, while RWAs were losing share as collateral in…
The commentary reviews Bitcoin’s response to April 2025 tariff news and describes activity in crypto credit markets. Bitcoin fell after tariff announcements and recovered as trade tensions eased. The report also notes positive futures basis, institutional…
The paper organizes onchain yield sources into a framework based on how returns are generated, which assets are involved, how variable the income is, and the risks and effort required. It progresses from stablecoins that pay holders nothing through…
The report uses a dispute over government restrictions on access to Anthropic’s Fable 5 model to examine the risk that a provider or third party can abruptly revoke access to a closed AI system. It connects that risk to decentralized AI projects seeking…
This report analyzes cryptocurrency and blockchain venture funding in Q1 2021, covering invested capital, deal counts, company stages, and valuations. It describes a shift toward later-stage firms: they received most venture capital in the quarter, while…
This report summarizes Ethereum developers’ preparation for the 2022 Merge, covering tentative activation planning, client releases, and the Goerli testnet post-mortem. The testnet transition exposed confusion over terminal blocks, reduced validator…
This report maps ways crypto infrastructure and artificial intelligence may complement one another. It focuses on decentralized compute marketplaces that match hardware suppliers with model developers, zero-knowledge machine learning systems that aim to…