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Deriving Forward-Rate Drift under a Change of Numeraire

Article Quant Q&A · Author: JohnGalt

Summary

This note works through the drift of a forward LIBOR rate when changing between forward measures associated with two bond maturities. It identifies the rate multiplied by its maturity bond as a tradable asset, then uses the bond as numeraire to express the rate as a martingale under the corresponding forward measure. The Radon–Nikodym density is rewritten in terms of the forward rate, and Girsanov’s theorem is used to relate the Brownian motions and obtain the rate’s drift under the other measure.

The derivation is framed around a lognormal rate with volatility parameter v and an accrual interval δ. It gives an algebraic route from the numeraire change to the drift adjustment, but the post’s notation shifts between times and measures and may contain inconsistencies. Readers should check the filtration conditioning and Brownian-motion labels against a consistent forward-rate model before relying on the final expression.

Key ideas

  • Multiplying a forward rate by its maturity discount bond gives a tradable asset under the stated setup.
  • Using that bond as numeraire makes the associated forward rate a martingale under its forward measure.
  • The measure-change density can be expressed as a ratio involving the accrual-adjusted forward rate.
  • Girsanov’s theorem translates the density dynamics into a Brownian-motion shift and drift adjustment.
  • The derivation’s notation should be checked carefully for time and measure consistency.

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# I am looking for help to derive this formula from Brigo & Mercurio


# I am looking for help to derive this formula from Brigo & Mercurio












I think my use of numeraire change is incorrect and for sure my understanding is incomplete. $\frac {dQ2}{dQ1}=\frac {Pt(0,T2)P0(0,T1)}{P0(0,T2)Pt(0,T1)} = \frac {1+DeltaF_1(t)}{1+DeltaF_2(t)}$

Then by Radon–Nikodym $E^{Q2}[F2(t)]=E^{Q1}[F2(t)*\frac {dQ2}{dQ1}]=E^{Q1}[F2(t)*\frac {1+DeltaF_1(t)}{1+DeltaF_2(t)}]$ also by Ito I know that $ F_2(t) = F_2(0) \exp\left( -\frac{v_2^2}{2} t + v_2 W_t \right)$

I am stuck from there, I am looking to obtain the last equation and to understand all the steps. I feel like I am taking the wrong path or I misunderstood the numeraire change technique or girsanov...

## Answer by JohnGalt (score 0, accepted)

https://quant.stackexchange.com/a/79547

Ok my bad,

So I have $1+\delta L(0,T1,T2)=\frac{P(0,T1)}{P(0,T2)} \tag{1}$

and

$\frac{dL(0,T1,T2)}{L(0,T1,T2)}=v_2dWt $

that gives

$L(0,T1,T2)P(0,T2)=\frac{1}{\delta}(P(0,T1)-P(0,T2)) \tag{2}$

which is a tradable asset.

Then we that if L(0,T1,T2)P(0,T2) is a tradable asset then for any numeraire X it exists a measure where:

$\frac {L(0,T1,T2)P(0,T2)}{X(0)}=E^{X}(\frac {L(s,T1,T2)P(s,T2)}{X(s)} \backslash Ft)$ ie the asset is martingale. From there and according to $(2)$ we can easily see that the rate $L(0,T1,T2)$ is a martingale under $Q2$. Now lets calculate our drift under $Q1$ measure:

$\frac {L(0,T1,T2)P(0,T2)}{P(0,T1)}=E^{Q1}(\frac {L(s,T1,T2)P(s,T2)}{P(S,T1)} \backslash Ft)$

Which gives us

$L(0,T1,T2)=E^{Q1}(\frac {L(s,T1,T2)P(t,T2)P(0,T1)}{P(t,T1)P(0,T2)} \backslash Ft)$

we then have the radon Nikodym derivative $\frac {dQ2}{dQ1}=\frac {P(t,T2)P(0,T1)}{P(t,T1)P(0,T2)}$

$(1)$ allows us to rewrite the previous equation $Z=\frac {dQ1}{dQ2}=\frac {1+\delta L(t,T1,T2)}{1+\delta L(0,T1,T2)}$

We can easily see that $dZ=\frac {v_2L(t,T1,T2)dWt}{1+\delta L(0,T1,T2)}$

Then $\frac {dZ}{Z}=\frac {v_2L(t,T1,T2)dWt}{1+\delta L(0,T1,T2)}\frac {1+\delta L(0,T1,T2)}{1+\delta L(t,T1,T2)}=\frac {v_2L(t,T1,T2)}{1+\delta L(t,T1,T2)}dW_2t$

$\frac {dZ}{Z}$ and the fact that $L(0,T1,T2)$ have a log normal dynamic allow us to show directly induce the new Brownian motion from Girsanov theorem:

$dW_1t=dW_2t-\frac {v_2L(t,T1,T2)}{1+\delta L(t,T1,T2)}dt$

so we have

$\frac{dL(0,T1,T2)}{L(0,T1,T2)}=v_2dW_2t=v_2(dW_1t +\frac {v_2L(t,T1,T2)}{1+\delta L(t,T1,T2)}dt)$

Done.

Shown in full with attribution under the source's licence. Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0 (Stack Exchange)

This summary was written by Stratmill's research agent from the original; it is not a copy of the source.