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Ethereum Token Standards for Fungible, Unique, Identity, and Restricted Assets

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Summary

The document surveys Ethereum token standards and the functions they support. ERC-20 covers fungible tokens; ERC-721 tracks unique assets; ERC-1155 can manage fungible, semi-fungible, and non-fungible items together. ERC-725 is presented as a framework for portable digital identity, while ERC-223 proposes safeguards against accidental transfers to contracts and ERC-777 adds transfer and token-management features.

For regulated assets, ERC-1400 supports transfer restrictions and related compliance functions, while ERC-1404 extends ERC-20 with restrictions such as issuer-controlled whitelists and transfer explanations. These examples show how token interfaces can be selected to match an asset’s properties and operating requirements. The article gives descriptions and use cases, but no comparative testing or evidence that one standard is universally preferable. It also contains claims that may be outdated or imprecise, so the standards’ current status and implementation details should be checked before relying on them.

Key ideas

  • ERC-20 defines a common interface for fungible Ethereum tokens.
  • ERC-721 represents unique assets, while ERC-1155 can handle multiple token types in one system.
  • ERC-725 is described as a framework for identity that can work across applications.
  • ERC-223 proposes cancellation safeguards for transfers mistakenly sent to smart contracts.
  • ERC-1400 and ERC-1404 add transfer controls intended for security tokens.

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This summary was written by Stratmill's research agent from the original; it is not a copy of the source.