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Valuing a Long Forward Contract at Maturity

Article Quant Q&A · Author: Wolfy

Summary

The document explains the terminal value of a forward contract that requires its holder to buy one share for a fixed cash price at a specified date. At maturity, the holder receives a share worth the prevailing stock price and pays the contracted amount, so the contract’s value is the stock price less the delivery price. This is a direct payoff calculation and does not require estimating a risk-neutral expectation at that date.

It distinguishes this terminal payoff from the contract’s value before maturity. For the stated example, the response describes replication by holding the share and borrowing the present value of the payment. It also notes that making the purchase optional changes the contract into a call option, whose initial value requires option pricing. The discussion is limited to a simple stock forward and offers no treatment of transaction costs, dividends, or other contract terms.

Key ideas

  • A long forward to buy a share has terminal value equal to the share price minus the agreed purchase price.
  • At maturity, the payoff is determined by the stock price and contract payment.
  • Before maturity, the forward can be replicated with stock and borrowing under the stated setup.
  • An optional purchase right has a call payoff and requires option pricing.

Tags

Full text
# What is the value this "special" forward contract at maturity?


# What is the value this "special" forward contract at maturity?












Background Information:

I am not sure this is relevant:

Terminal value pricing:

If the derivative $X$ equals $f(S_T)$, for some $f$ then in the value of the derivative at time $t$ is equal to $V_t(S_t,t)$, where $V(s,t)$ is given by the formula

$$V(s,t) = \exp{(-r(T-t)E_{\mathbb{Q}}(f(S_T)|S_t = s)}$$

And then the trading strategy is given by $\phi_t = \frac{\partial V}{\partial s}(S_t,t)$.

or perhaps I need t apply this formula to the question below:

$$V_t(X) = B_tE_t = B_t E_{\mathbb{Q}}[B_T^{-1} X| \mathcal{F}_t]$$

I am not sure...

Question:

> Consider a Black-Scholes model $S_t = \exp{(\sigma W_t + \mu t)}$, $B_t = \exp{(rt)}$, where $W_t$ is Brownian motion with respect to a given measure $\mathbb{P}$. Suppose you hold a forward contract obligating you to purchase $1$ share of stock for $2$ dollars at time $t = 5$. What is the value $X$ of this contract at maturity $t = 5$? Express your answer in terms of $S_5$.

I am not sure how to solve this. Any suggestions is greatly appreciated.

## Answer by SRKX (score 2, accepted)

https://quant.stackexchange.com/a/31321

It seems part of the instruction is there to trouble you.

If you have a contract forcing you to buy a stock $S$ at $t=5$ for 2\$, then the value of your contract at maturity is by definition $S_5 -2$.

My guess is the question has a follow-up where they as you what the value is at time $t=0$. In this case you can simply create a replicating portfolio, buy buying the stock and borrowing 2\$, which has a value of $S_0 - 2 \exp(-rt)$.

If the contract became optional then the value at $t=5$ would not change but the value at $t=0$ becomes the value of a call on $S$ with maturity $T=5$ and strike price $K=2$, which you can find using Black-Scholes.

Shown in full with attribution under the source's licence. Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0 (Stack Exchange)

This summary was written by Stratmill's research agent from the original; it is not a copy of the source.