Zero-Coupon Bond Volatility in the One-Factor Hull–White Model
Summary
The document derives the instantaneous volatility of a zero-coupon bond price under a one-factor Hull–White short-rate model. It presents the bond price as a deterministic function of time multiplied by an exponential term in the current short rate. The rate’s mean-reversion parameter determines the bond’s rate sensitivity through a maturity-dependent coefficient, while the short-rate diffusion volatility scales the bond’s price volatility.
Taking the logarithm of the bond price and applying the model’s dynamics isolates the Brownian-motion term. Its coefficient gives the bond’s volatility magnitude, which grows with short-rate volatility and depends on maturity through the mean-reversion adjustment. The derivation clarifies the intuition behind the expression in the question. It assumes constant mean-reversion and diffusion parameters in the stated model form; it does not cover extensions with stochastic volatility, multiple factors, or calibration to market data.
Key ideas
- The one-factor Hull–White model represents a zero-coupon bond price as an exponential function of the short rate.
- The bond’s rate sensitivity depends on time to maturity and the mean-reversion parameter.
- Applying the short-rate dynamics to the log bond price identifies its Brownian-motion coefficient.
- Bond price volatility scales with short-rate volatility and the maturity-dependent sensitivity.
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# Zero-coupon bond price volatility with one factor Hull White interest rate model
# Zero-coupon bond price volatility with one factor Hull White interest rate model
I have been trying to understand the H&W model expression for zero coupon bond price volatilities:
$\nu_B(t_0,t_M)=-\frac{\nu_r}{m}(1-e^{-m\tau_{0,M}})$,
where $\nu_B(t_0,t_M)$ is zero coupon bond price volatility, $\nu_r$ is the short rate volatility, $m$ is the mean-reversion level (or speed?) and $\tau_{0,M}$ is the time to maturity.
I have looked in all the associated papers but found no exact match for this expression. What is the intuition and how exactly do you get this expression?
Edit: made notation clearer
## Answer by Gordon (score 5)
https://quant.stackexchange.com/a/34819
Based on this question, for the Hull-White model of the form \begin{align*} dr_t = (\theta(t)-a r_t) dt + \sigma dW_t, \end{align*} where $a$ and $\sigma$ are constants, $a(t)$ is a deterministic function, and $W_t$ is a standard Brownian motion, the price at time $t$ of a zero-coupon bond with maturity $T$ and unit face value is given by \begin{align*} P(t, T) &= A(t, T) e^{-B(t, T) r_t}, \end{align*} where \begin{align*} B(t, T) = \frac{1}{a}\Big(1-e^{-a(T-t)} \Big), \end{align*} and \begin{align*} A(t, T) &= \exp\left(- \int_t^T \theta(u) B(u, T) du -\frac{\sigma^2}{2a^2}\big(B(t, T) -T+t\big)-\frac{\sigma^2}{4a}B(t, T)^2\right). \end{align*} Note that \begin{align*} \ln P(t, T) = \ln A(t, T) -B(t, T) r_t. \end{align*} Therefore, \begin{align*} d\ln P(t, T) &=\frac{\partial \ln A(t, T)}{\partial t}dt - r_t \frac{\partial B(t, T)}{\partial t} dt- B(t, T) dr_t\\ &=\frac{\partial \ln A(t, T)}{\partial t}dt - r_t \frac{\partial B(t, T)}{\partial t} dt- B(t, T) (\theta(t)-a r_t) dt - \sigma B(t, T) dW_t. \end{align*} That is, the zero-coupon bond price volatility is of the form \begin{align*} \sigma B(t, T) = \frac{\sigma}{a}\Big(1-e^{-a(T-t)} \Big). \end{align*}Shown in full with attribution under the source's licence. Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0 (Stack Exchange)
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