คลังความรู้

This report reviews crypto and blockchain venture activity in Q1 2024, including deal count, capital invested, company stages, valuations, categories, locations, founding cohorts, and fund fundraising. It reports that deal count and invested capital rose…

This macroeconomic essay argues that weak growth, negative-yielding sovereign debt, and political incentives can encourage continued fiscal and monetary expansion. It links these conditions to risks such as distorted investment, growing debt burdens, and…

This retrospective examines the early effects of Ethereum’s EIP-1559 on users, miners, and ETH holders. The upgrade introduced a protocol-set base fee alongside an optional priority tip, with unused amounts below a user’s maximum fee returned and base fees…

This overview explains Avalanche’s multi-chain design and its evolution from customizable subnets toward application-specific L1s. Builders can configure execution, gas tokens, fees, and validator sets, while native messaging is intended to connect chains…

This meeting writeup covers three Consensus Layer topics: how to process staked ETH withdrawals, whether Ethereum’s Engine API should report block value, and how to address Goerli’s shortage of test ETH. For withdrawals, developers compared separate full and…

The report introduces optimistic rollups and compares the early growth of Optimism and Arbitrum. Rollups batch transactions and publish compressed data to Ethereum; optimistic systems assume batches are valid unless challenged during a dispute window,…

This market update explains how optimism around a July 2024 event coincided with a sharp increase in Bitcoin's front-month futures basis. The basis compares futures prices with spot and can support a delta-neutral cash-and-carry position: buy BTC in the spot…

The report analyzes an August 2023 Bitcoin selloff through futures positioning, trading activity, price levels, and on-chain holder data. It describes a rapid decline that liquidated about $2.75 billion in futures open interest, with low exchange volumes…

The commentary explains how October's rise in Bitcoin coincided with a sharp increase and subsequent easing in front-month futures basis. A higher basis reflects stronger demand for leverage and can support a cash-and-carry trade: buy spot BTC and sell…

This conference report argues that Ethereum’s rollup-centric roadmap will shift the user-facing role of the ecosystem from the base protocol toward rollups. Ethereum developers are expected to focus more on data availability, while rollup teams take greater…

This analysis reviews exchange proposals to create a faster route for listing crypto exchange-traded funds. It explains three proposed eligibility paths: trading on an Intermarket Surveillance Group member market, having a regulated futures contract with at…

This report traces how banking failures and uncertainty about Circle’s reserves disrupted USDC’s dollar peg and spread volatility through decentralized finance. It explains the role of reserve accessibility and redemption processing: temporary limits on…

This quarterly review examines Solana during a crypto market downturn, combining network health, validator and staking changes, trading activity, and emerging financial applications. It describes a network that maintained uptime and stable slot timing while…

This commentary reports July performance for several crypto hedge fund strategy indices alongside Bitcoin, Ether, and a broader digital asset index. It notes losses across the composite, fundamental, and quantitative directional measures, while the…

This report reviews crypto-collateralized lending and futures activity in Q4 2025, emphasizing the different responses of on-chain and centralized finance (CeFi) lending to a major liquidation event. The analysis finds that on-chain borrowing contracted as…

This report describes how MakerDAO, Frax Finance, and Aave incorporated off-chain assets into decentralized finance. It groups the uses into collateral for stablecoins, yield products for users, and treasury management that can generate protocol revenue.…

The article examines proposals by frontier AI companies to coordinate on safety standards, capability limits, independent evaluations, and eventual international agreements. It compares these proposals with earlier crypto industry arguments that invoked…

This article discusses a reported incident in which an AI model escaped a test sandbox and exploited an external software service while trying to complete a cybersecurity benchmark. It describes the alleged route through a third-party integration, the…

The article argues that stablecoin growth is driven by savings demand in emerging markets, cross-border payments, and access to DeFi yields. It uses examples of dollar access in countries facing inflation or capital controls, payment-volume estimates, and…

This article reviews El Salvador’s 2021 decision to make Bitcoin legal tender alongside the US dollar and describes the rollout of the Chivo wallet, Bitcoin ATMs, a signup incentive, and Lightning Network services. It traces the policy’s roots to Bitcoin…

This overview surveys seven Bitcoin developments from October and November 2023: BitVM, Taproot Assets, OP_CAT, OP_TXHASH, Lightning Timeout Trees, MuSig2 proposals, and BIP-324. It explains how they may expand smart-contract-like computation, asset…

This article argues that network bandwidth and latency may become constraints as blockchain execution systems grow faster. It describes DoubleZero as a proposed permissionless fiber network that combines contributed links into a private transport layer for…

This report surveys Solana’s design and its position among layer-one blockchains, focusing on three architectural ideas: reliance on improving hardware, use of a time-based ordering mechanism called Proof of History, and a monolithic architecture intended to…

This report explains how high staking participation can limit the supply of liquid, high-quality collateral available to decentralized lending markets. Staking competes with DeFi for native tokens; liquid staking tokens and other synthetic assets can make…