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The report explains how Bitcoin inscriptions store arbitrary data in transaction witness data, while ordinals provide a method for associating inscriptions with individual satoshis. It separates these concepts: inscription data is recorded on-chain, whereas…

The report reviews crypto-collateralized borrowing in Q3 2025 across centralized lenders, DeFi applications, and collateralized stablecoin systems. It finds lending reached a new high, with DeFi applications accounting for a larger share than in the prior…

The article explains Impact Markets as instruments for expressing an asset’s expected value in a specified event scenario. It contrasts this with binary up-or-down prediction markets, which record whether a threshold or direction is reached but discard the…

This report assesses Ethereum roughly 100 days after its transition from proof of work to proof of stake. It frames the review around network issuance and token burning, block timing, validator performance, maximal extractable value, and the planned process…

The article explains the shift from batch data processing to continuous stream processing, using Apache Flink and the DeltaStream platform as its examples. Batch systems collect data before processing it, which can add latency and resource overhead.…

The article uses India’s Unified Payments Interface as a case study in retail payment adoption and draws lessons for stablecoin distribution. It attributes UPI’s reach to accessible identity verification, low-friction onboarding, free QR-based merchant…

This monthly market commentary links a sharp crypto price decline in January to liquidations, falling open interest, and weaker demand for leverage. It reports that BTC, ETH, and SOL funding rates moved from elevated December levels into negative territory,…

The document describes two proposed extensions to event prediction markets. Impact Markets would let participants trade an asset at a price conditional on a specified event, aiming to reveal how the market values an asset in that scenario and to offer more…

The article explains why prediction contracts tied to a named person’s speech or other voluntary conduct may be more vulnerable to manipulation than contracts on broader events. It summarizes the CFTC market oversight staff’s four review factors: outside…

The article proposes a model in which AI agents discover data and software APIs, invoke them, and pay at runtime without users creating separate accounts, keys, and billing relationships. It argues that this could lower integration hurdles for small…

This guide explains how to monitor Ethereum’s 2022 transition from proof of work to proof of stake. It describes estimating activation from total terminal difficulty, a threshold that advances with mining difficulty and therefore depends on changing…

Drawing on observations and panel discussions at ETHDenver 2024, this report describes Ethereum’s evolving relationship with Layer 2 rollups and competing blockchain networks. Rollups move transaction execution away from Ethereum, and some teams are…

This 2023 commentary argues that crypto activity alone does not explain the U.S. bank failures and stress then unfolding. It points instead to rapid interest-rate increases after a low-rate period, unrealized losses on fixed-income holdings, concentrated…

This report examines ways decentralized finance products seek to make non-fungible tokens easier to value, trade, and use as financial assets. It organizes the landscape around fractional ownership, NFT lending, investment groups, derivatives, and pricing…

The report reviews crypto and blockchain venture activity in 2024, with a focus on Q4 deal volume, invested capital, funding stages, valuations, sectors, and company locations. It relates venture activity to Bitcoin’s price and argues that weaker allocator…

The report examines Robinhood Chain, an Ethereum Layer-2 built with Arbitrum Orbit, and asks whether Robinhood’s customer distribution can generate lasting onchain use. It describes the chain’s design, including Ethereum settlement and data availability, ETH…

The report assesses the 2026 prospects for U.S. crypto market-structure legislation, describing the bill’s House passage, Senate committee negotiations, and steps still required before enactment. It outlines proposed regulatory boundaries between the SEC and…

This investment perspective argues that Bitcoin’s monetary role could be extended by adding expressive Layer-2 applications. It describes Citrea as an EVM-compatible zero-knowledge rollup intended to use Bitcoin as a settlement and data-availability layer.…

The report explains how rollups move transaction execution off Ethereum while relying on the mainnet for consensus, data availability, and settlement. It contrasts optimistic rollups, which assume batches are valid unless challenged, with zero-knowledge…

This report summarizes Ethereum core developer discussions about testing the planned transition from proof of work to proof of stake. It explains the use of total terminal difficulty (TTD) to trigger the Merge and describes how a malicious miner manipulated…

This market review examines a sharp Bitcoin and Ether decline that began with selling in spot markets and intensified as leveraged futures positions were liquidated. It links the severity of the move to rising open interest, low spot trading volume, and…

The report explains how binary event shares encode market-implied probabilities: a share pays according to whether a defined outcome occurs, and its price can be read as an estimate of that outcome’s likelihood. It describes prediction markets’ development…

The commentary links February 2025’s Bitcoin decline to compressed futures basis, ETF withdrawals, and a broader retreat from risk. It reports that CME basis stayed below 10% annualized for most of the month and reached 4.08%, while ETF outflows persisted…

The article interprets leadership changes at Base and Coinbase as a retreat from creator coins and onchain social products, with renewed emphasis on trading, payments, and AI agents. It argues that turning posts into tradable tokens produced scattered…