คลังความรู้

The article examines competing positions on open-weight AI models, safety rules, and restrictions on Chinese models. It argues that the debate is shaped by both governance concerns and business incentives. Open weights can broaden access, enable companies to…

The report introduces zkEVMs: virtual machines designed to execute Ethereum-compatible code and use zero-knowledge proofs to verify transaction batches. It explains the underlying ideas behind proofs, the EVM, block production, and rollups, then sets up a…

This report summarizes Ethereum developers’ preparation for the 2022 Merge, covering tentative activation planning, client releases, and the Goerli testnet post-mortem. The testnet transition exposed confusion over terminal blocks, reduced validator…

The article introduces breakeven hashprice as an estimate of the minimum daily revenue per unit of mining capacity required for a company to cover selected costs. The calculation begins with operational expenses, including power or hosting costs, selling and…

The article traces social trading from portfolio copying on platforms such as eToro to crypto wallet trackers, group chats, and newer social wallets. It argues that apps centered on trader identities can bring discovery, execution, and public activity into…

This report maps ways crypto infrastructure and artificial intelligence may complement one another. It focuses on decentralized compute marketplaces that match hardware suppliers with model developers, zero-knowledge machine learning systems that aim to…

This report considers how the transfer of assets from older Americans to younger generations could affect crypto adoption and demand. It combines U.S. household wealth and inheritance estimates with survey evidence suggesting Millennials and Gen Z are more…

The article analyzes the U.S. Senate’s failure to advance the Clarity Act, a proposed crypto market structure bill, and the political disagreements behind the vote. It describes disputes over stablecoin rewards and ethics provisions, a procedural maneuver…

The report analyzes a New York lawsuit seeking legal title to tens of thousands of dormant Bitcoin addresses, including addresses attributed to Satoshi Nakamoto. It combines court filings with onchain activity, tracing the plaintiffs’ claimed process:…

This quarterly review tracks crypto-collateralized lending across DeFi, centralized lenders, and collateralized stablecoin issuance. It reports a second consecutive quarterly decline in DeFi loans and an overall contraction in crypto-backed lending,…

The report surveys Bitcoin scaling systems, focusing on sidechains, rollups, and payment-focused state channels. It explains how rollups execute transactions separately while using a parent chain for data availability, and contrasts validity proofs with…

The document explains EIP-1559’s planned replacement of Ethereum’s user-set gas-price auction with a protocol-set base fee that adjusts according to block usage. Wallets can use the bounded, block-by-block fee changes to estimate near-term costs more…

This essay introduces artificial intelligence by comparing symbolic and sub-symbolic approaches with the philosophical traditions of rationalism and empiricism. Symbolic systems represent a world using explicit concepts and rules, then apply formal…

The report reviews Solana’s second quarter of 2026, assessing network performance, trading activity, fees, and efforts to support tokenized assets. It describes continued operational stability and planned infrastructure changes, including phased reductions…

The document presents x402 as an HTTP-based standard for agents to pay for online services using crypto, often stablecoins. A server can respond to a service request with payment terms, including the amount, accepted assets, recipient, and chain. The agent…

The document explains how maximal extractable value (MEV) arises when users transact on permissionless blockchains and how its proceeds are shared among searchers, builders, and validators. It distinguishes observable MEV, estimated through recognizable…

This report reviews crypto lending and market conditions from March through May 2026. It connects macro uncertainty, Bitcoin’s recovery and pullbacks, and a sharp DeFi TVL decline after the rsETH/KelpDAO bridge exploit with changes in borrowing demand and…

The article presents a framework for assessing Bitcoin’s position in its market cycle by comparing spot price with three model groups. Ceiling indicators, often based on long-term moving averages, flag prices extended above historical trends; onchain…

The article explains why autonomous agents can face friction on blockchains even though transactions are permissionless and composable. Consensus verifies state transitions, but economic meaning—such as positions, yield, liquidity, and risk—is usually…

The article describes a consortium of nine major Bitcoin institutions pledging $15 million over three years to support security research and open-source development. It explains that the group is intended to fund work rather than write code or direct…

This announcement describes Galaxy’s first external venture fund for its core crypto investment strategy and outlines its view of blockchain as a potential modernization layer for financial services. It argues that public blockchains can support new payment…

This report explains crypto points programs as off-chain systems that track user activity according to rules set by a decentralized application. Projects use points to encourage actions such as trading, referring users, or avoiding competing platforms, often…

This article reviews the Senate’s combined CLARITY Act text, describing how it merges market-structure bills from the Banking and Agriculture committees and adds ethics, enforcement, and GENIUS Act provisions. It summarizes notable sections on software…

This report examines decentralized social networks through wallet activity, user sign-ups, transactions, and changes in adoption from 2021 to April 2024. It describes how DeSoc apps connect profiles to blockchain wallets, and groups platforms by legacy…