This strategy took a sound-but-decayed BTC funding-squeeze carry and reframed it as a dollar-neutral cross-sectional funding factor across a dozen alt perps, aiming to earn the funding spread while stripping out crypto beta. It succeeded at the neutrality goal — beta ~0.04, the ancestor's directional blow-up gone, and $74,911 of real funding collected — earning an 'optimize' verdict despite a -14.34% base return, because commissions and 45% impact drag ate the entire carry. Optimization couldn't rescue it: the walk-forward was overfit (in-sample Sharpe 3.59 → out-of-sample 0.317 with two empty windows), deflated Sharpe hit 0.0 far below the 5.4 luck bar, the sensitivity surface showed four cliffs, and impact still consumed a third of gross PnL. On the second and final optimization attempt the analyst abandoned it, noting the funding mechanism had now failed in both single-name and 12-name expressions with no promoted sibling and no untried target to reframe toward.
Reframe of a BTC-only negative-funding-squeeze carry whose MECHANISM was sound (in-sample DSR 0.79, Sharpe above the luck bar, clean 2020-2022 P&L) but whose TARGET decayed: BTC stopped printing deeply-negative funding after 2022, so the single-instrument entry fired zero times out-of-sample and the holdout was -6.05. Rather than wait for a regime that no longer occurs on BTC, this version harvests the SAME funding/squeeze edge CROSS-SECTIONALLY across a universe of ~12 liquid Binance USD-M altcoin perps, where……Show moreShow less
Reframe of a BTC-only negative-funding-squeeze carry whose MECHANISM was sound (in-sample DSR 0.79, Sharpe above the luck bar, clean 2020-2022 P&L) but whose TARGET decayed: BTC stopped printing deeply-negative funding after 2022, so the single-instrument entry fired zero times out-of-sample and the holdout was -6.05. Rather than wait for a regime that no longer occurs on BTC, this version harvests the SAME funding/squeeze edge CROSS-SECTIONALLY across a universe of ~12 liquid Binance USD-M altcoin perps, where deep funding skew still appears regularly during crowding episodes. Each rebalance the strategy ranks the universe by current funding rate and builds a DOLLAR-NEUTRAL book: LONG the bottom-decile (most-negative funding = crowded shorts paying longs, with short-squeeze convexity) and SHORT the top-decile (most-positive funding = crowded longs paying shorts). Both legs EARN funding by construction, and the market-neutral structure strips out crypto beta, directly addressing the directional blow-up (holdout -6.05) that killed the BTC long-only version. Funding is the primary cash flow; the squeeze on the long leg is upside convexity, not the thesis. 4H bars for timing; funding-rate stream for the ranking signal. Distinct from existing pairs/ratio trades: this is a cross-sectional funding FACTOR, not a two-name spread.
Iteration 5 fix: Layer 2 (synthetic scenarios) failed with `_bar_ts() takes 1 positional argument but 2 were given` because `_bar_ts` was a `@staticmethod`. The Layer-2 _StrategyProxy rebinds strategy methods without preserving the staticmethod descriptor, so `self._bar_ts(bar)` passed both `self` and `bar` into a one-parameter function. The minimal, non-regressing fix converts `_bar_ts` to a normal instance method (`def _bar_ts(self, bar)`), which is proxy-safe and identical in behavior for the real engine. No imports, signal logic, rebalance/netting code, or config were changed — Layer 1 remains green and the dollar-neutral cross-sectional funding mechanism is untouched.
Overfit + no-edge failure on final optimization attempt 2 of 2. Walk-forward is_overfitted=TRUE: avg IS Sharpe 3.59 collapses to avg OOS 0.317 with OOS windows [0.95, 0.0, 0.0] — two of three OOS folds empty. Multiple-testing gate fails decisively: deflated_sharpe=0.0 (vs 0.95), is_significant=false, PBO=0.6812 (>0.5), sharpe_ci_low=-1.424 straddles 0, and the optimized Sharpe 0.665 sits far below the 225-trial expected-max luck bar of 5.409 — probabilistic_sharpe 0.7605 vs DSR 0.0 is the textbook PSR-vs-DSR……Show moreShow less
Overfit + no-edge failure on final optimization attempt 2 of 2. Walk-forward is_overfitted=TRUE: avg IS Sharpe 3.59 collapses to avg OOS 0.317 with OOS windows [0.95, 0.0, 0.0] — two of three OOS folds empty. Multiple-testing gate fails decisively: deflated_sharpe=0.0 (vs 0.95), is_significant=false, PBO=0.6812 (>0.5), sharpe_ci_low=-1.424 straddles 0, and the optimized Sharpe 0.665 sits far below the 225-trial expected-max luck bar of 5.409 — probabilistic_sharpe 0.7605 vs DSR 0.0 is the textbook PSR-vs-DSR selection-inflation trap. Sensitivity FAILED with 4 cliff parameters (leg_size, funding_prints, gross_exposure, min_funding_spread) — leg_size=2 and funding_prints=2 flip Sharpe negative on one step. The base backtest LOSES money (total_return -14.34%, Sharpe 0.31); the optimized +5.69% is a best-of-225 mirage produced by thinning the book (leg_size 3->1, gross_exposure 1.0->0.60). The holdout 'pass' (ratio 2.578) is spurious — inflated only because its WF-OOS baseline (0.317) is degenerate, carried by one non-empty window while the other two are zero. Even setting robustness aside, the strategy is not tradeable: impact_cost_pct is 45.2% (base) / 31.4% (optimized) of gross PnL from heavy multi-name churn (turnover 582-1131), with a negative information_ratio (-0.36 / -0.31). Not iterate: final attempt, and the binding failures are structural (empty OOS windows, 4-cliff surface, PBO 0.68, impact-swamped edge) with no robust parameter region for a further best-of-225 sweep to find. Not revise_hypothesis: per the overfit->abandon rule this is high-IS/empty-OOS overfitting, and the cross-sectional funding factor is ITSELF the reframe of the failed BTC funding-squeeze ancestor (holdout -6.05, never promoted) — the mechanism has now failed in both single-name and 12-name cross-sectional expressions, has no promoted sibling to strand, and there is no untried target to reframe toward. FAILURE PATTERN: reframing a decayed single-asset BTC negative-funding-squeeze carry into a dollar-neutral cross-sectional funding factor across a 12-name USD-M alt universe does NOT manufacture a promotable edge — it overfits (IS 3.59 -> two empty OOS windows, DSR 0.0, PBO 0.68, 4 sensitivity cliffs, negative base return), and the multi-name churn makes impact cost (31-45% of gross) swamp whatever thin carry exists. Correct beta-neutralization (beta ~0.03) fixes the directional blow-up but does not create statistical significance or forward-generalization, and a holdout 'ratio' inflated by a degenerate WF-OOS baseline is not a real pass.
Implementation
Dollar-neutral cross-sectional funding factor across ~12 liquid Binance USD-M alt perps on 4H bars. Each rebalance (8h, funding-aligned) ranks the universe by trailing funding and goes LONG the most-negative-funding slice / SHORT the most-positive-funding slice, netting delta orders per leg so held names avoid churn. Per-leg funding read from supplementary_data['funding_rates_by_instrument']; funding-spread and sign gates ensure harvested carry clears fees; per-name ATR stops cap blow-ups.
Verification Results
Verification failed (Layer 2 — synthetic scenarios): Parameters used: ['leg_size', 'atr_period', 'min_notional', 'atr_stop_mult', 'funding_prints', 'gross_exposure', 'funding_sign_eps', 'min_funding_spread', 'rebalance_band_frac', 'rebalance_every_bars'] Check that __init__ sets all attributes from self.parameters.get(). - steady_uptrend: TypeError: CrossSectionalFundingSkewCarryDollarNeutralAltPerps4H._bar_ts() takes 1 positional argument but 2 were given (bar timestamp: 1735690740000) - steady_downtrend:……Show moreShow less
Verification failed (Layer 2 — synthetic scenarios):
Parameters used: ['leg_size', 'atr_period', 'min_notional', 'atr_stop_mult', 'funding_prints', 'gross_exposure', 'funding_sign_eps', 'min_funding_spread', 'rebalance_band_frac', 'rebalance_every_bars']
Check that __init__ sets all attributes from self.parameters.get().
- steady_uptrend: TypeError: CrossSectionalFundingSkewCarryDollarNeutralAltPerps4H._bar_ts() takes 1 positional argument but 2 were given (bar timestamp: 1735690740000)
- steady_downtrend: TypeError: CrossSectionalFundingSkewCarryDollarNeutralAltPerps4H._bar_ts() takes 1 positional argument but 2 were given (bar timestamp: 1735690740000)
- flat_ranging: TypeError: CrossSectionalFundingSkewCarryDollarNeutralAltPerps4H._bar_ts() takes 1 positional argument but 2 were given (bar timestamp: 1735690740000)
- volatility_spike: TypeError: CrossSectionalFundingSkewCarryDollarNeutralAltPerps4H._bar_ts() takes 1 positional argument but 2 were given (bar timestamp: 1735690740000)
- zero_volume: TypeError: CrossSectionalFundingSkewCarryDollarNeutralAltPerps4H._bar_ts() takes 1 positional argument but 2 were given (bar timestamp: 1735690740000)
- price_gap: TypeError: CrossSectionalFundingSkewCarryDollarNeutralAltPerps4H._bar_ts() takes 1 positional argument but 2 were given (bar timestamp: 1735690740000)
Backtest Review
Sharpe
0.31
Total return
-14.34%
Max drawdown
40.05%
Trades
1025
Win rate
49.9%
Profit factor
1.09
Funding carry is real and correctly credited: sum(funding)=+$74,911 across 1025 trades, with per-trade funding folded into pnl (verified in detail file)
Genuine cross-sectional book — all 12 alts rotate across long/short by funding rank (62-97 trades each), not a degenerate shared-series fallback
Reframe successfully fixes the ancestor's decay: the alt universe fires funding-carry trades regularly (2022-2026) where BTC-only fired zero OOS
Truly market-neutral: beta 0.04, benchmark_correlation 0.12, benchmark_meaningful=false — directional blow-up of the ancestor is gone
Clear, articulable optimization path aimed at the actual failure (costs), with the key knobs (min_funding_spread, rebalance_every_bars, band, leg_size) unexplored
Net full-sample return -14.34%: gross carry (+$60,570 pnl) is entirely consumed by commission $49,403 + market impact $50,001
impact_cost_pct 45.2% of gross and capacity_usd only ~$489K — severe liquidity/impact drag; edge may exist only at toy scale
Turnover 1131% (8h rebalance) is the proximate cause of the cost bleed
Carry is asymmetric — long legs earned $69.8K funding vs short legs $5.1K; the short leg mostly adds cost/noise as a beta hedge
Performance is episodic (strong 2023-04 and 2026-03, near-flat/dead in 2024, bleeding 2025); Sharpe 0.31 with CI straddling 0 (-2.19 to 2.34), return_kurtosis 25
Analysis
Market-neutral construction did strip crypto beta (beta 0.02-0.04, benchmark_correlation 0.06-0.12), correctly addressing the directional blow-up that killed the BTC long-only ancestor (holdout -6.05).
Centralized netting order management kept churn from being even worse and the basket did form (1025 base / 367 optimized trades) — the code implements the stated cross-sectional funding-factor mechanism.
Fails deflated Sharpe decisively: DSR=0.0 with optimized Sharpe 0.665 FAR below the 225-trial expected-max luck bar of 5.409; is_significant=false, sharpe_ci_low=-1.424 straddles 0, PBO=0.6812.
Walk-forward is_overfitted=TRUE: avg IS 3.59 -> avg OOS 0.317 with OOS windows [0.95, 0.0, 0.0] — two of three OOS folds are empty.
Sensitivity FAILED with 4 cliff parameters (leg_size, funding_prints, gross_exposure, min_funding_spread); leg_size and funding_prints flip Sharpe negative on a single step.
Base backtest loses money (total_return -14.34%, Sharpe 0.31); optimized only +5.69% is a best-of-225 artifact.
Impact costs dominate: impact_cost_pct 45.2% base / 31.4% optimized of gross PnL, with negative information_ratio (-0.36 / -0.31) — the multi-name churn is not fee/impact-viable.
Holdout 'pass' (ratio 2.578) is spurious — inflated by a degenerate ~0.317 WF-OOS baseline carried by a single non-empty window.
The Research Lead REVISED this hypothesis because the previous premise did not work. Implement the REVISED hypothesis (see the hypothesis description) from scratch — do not reuse the prior strategy. Revision rationale: WHAT I CHANGED vs the failed BTC hypothesis and WHY. The analyst was explicit that this is NOT a noise-fit and NOT a tuning problem (DSR 0.79, far above the abandoned trend/breakout siblings) — it is TARGET DECAY: BTC's deeply-negative funding regime structurally disappeared after 2022, so the……Show moreShow less
The Research Lead REVISED this hypothesis because the previous premise did not work. Implement the REVISED hypothesis (see the hypothesis description) from scratch — do not reuse the prior strategy.
Revision rationale: WHAT I CHANGED vs the failed BTC hypothesis and WHY. The analyst was explicit that this is NOT a noise-fit and NOT a tuning problem (DSR 0.79, far above the abandoned trend/breakout siblings) — it is TARGET DECAY: BTC's deeply-negative funding regime structurally disappeared after 2022, so the entry fired ZERO times in all three OOS windows. Therefore I kept the mechanism and re-pointed it at a live regime. (1) INSTRUMENT: BTC-only -> a 12-name cross-sectional universe of liquid USD-M alt perps, exactly the analyst's reframe (a) 'go long the perp(s) with the most-negative funding' and (b) 'a cross-sectional basket across all perps.' A rank-based selector never goes dark the way a single-instrument threshold did. (2) MECHANISM/DIRECTION: I upgraded the pure-long squeeze bet into a DOLLAR-NEUTRAL long-most-negative / short-most-positive funding factor. This earns funding on both legs and removes crypto beta — directly fixing the directional blow-up the holdout -6.05 exposed, where the long-only version got crushed when the squeeze didn't materialize. (3) GUARD: I baked in the analyst's CRITICAL guard as a min funding-spread gate (so carry clears fees) and as an explicit Analyst instruction — require the recent OOS window to BOTH fire and be profitable before trusting it; do not assume transfer. (4) KEPT: funding credited by the engine, 4H timing, ATR stop, and funding-normalization exits, as instructed. I did NOT re-propose BTC-only negative-funding entries — BTC merely sits in the universe and correctly almost never qualifies for the long leg now. Trade-offs acknowledged: this adds to the BINANCE venue (already near its <=40% cap), justified because cross-sectional USD-M funding scanning structurally needs that venue, and it advances the under-represented market-neutral direction quota. Priority high (2) because funding edges are under-explored in the portfolio and this fills market-neutral + cross-sectional buckets.
Iteration History
Verification failed (Layer 1 — static analysis):
- No class extending FactoryStrategy found (line None)
- Required method not implemented: should_exit (line None)
- Required method not implemented: should_enter (line None)
- Required method not implemented: position_size (line None)
- Required method not implemented: calculate_signal (line None)
Outcome Summary
Correctly stripping crypto beta fixes a directional blow-up but does not by itself create a statistically significant or fee-viable edge — multi-name cross-sectional churn can let impact and commissions swamp a real but thin funding carry, and reframing a decayed single-asset mechanism across a wider universe does not manufacture forward-generalization.
The analyst abandoned it at the post-optimization ANALYZING stage as a decisive overfit/no-edge failure: walk-forward was overfitted (in-sample Sharpe 3.59 collapsing to 0.317 out-of-sample with two of three OOS windows empty), deflated Sharpe was 0.0 against a 225-trial luck bar of 5.409, PBO 0.68 and sharpe_ci_low -1.42, sensitivity failed with 4 cliff parameters, and the impact costs (31–45% of gross) made it untradeable regardless.
A dollar-neutral cross-sectional funding-skew carry across ~12 liquid Binance USD-M alt perps — long the most-negative-funding names and short the most-positive on a 4H rebalance — reframing a decayed BTC-only negative-funding-squeeze carry to harvest the same funding edge where deep skew still appears.
The construction was genuinely market-neutral (beta ~0.04) and the funding carry was real (+$74,911 collected), but the base backtest still lost money (total return -14.34%, Sharpe 0.31, profit factor 1.086, max drawdown 40%) because commissions ($49.4k) and market impact ($50.0k, 45.2% of gross) consumed the carry; optimization only lifted it to +5.69% and Sharpe 0.665 by thinning the book.
Backtest and paper results are hypothetical. Trading involves risk of loss.