নলেজ লাইব্রেরি

The discussion considers how to obtain timestamped news for research linking Forex price series to news releases, especially when professional machine-readable feeds are costly. Suggestions include collecting headlines from websites, parsing RSS or Atom…

The document asks how the discount rate used in Current Expected Credit Loss accounting differs from rates used in market pricing. It describes the CECL discount rate as an effective interest rate (EIR), represented by a single number, and contrasts this…

The document explains how accrued interest can be negative for bonds traded in markets that use an ex-coupon date before the end of a coupon period. The holder recorded by that date is entitled to the full coupon, even if the bond is sold before the coupon…

The document studies a linear stochastic differential equation with both additive and state-dependent drift and diffusion. It starts from an integrating-factor solution, writing the process as a product of a stochastic exponential and a second process that…

The document asks whether a forward market model (FMM), extending the classic LIBOR market model to handle backward-looking risk-free rates (RFRs) and term rates together, has been combined with stochastic volatility such as SABR. The motivation is pricing…

The answer explains why multiplying a volatility estimate by a factor close to one can correct bias in a first-exit-time volatility calculation. It distinguishes the unbiased sample variance from the sample standard deviation: taking the square root of an…

The exchange discusses estimating an option’s future price after a specified move in its underlying when future implied volatility is unknown. One approach is to make explicit assumptions about both the underlying price change and the change in implied…

The document asks how to compute a Scale of Market Shocks measure that combines volatility estimates across multiple time horizons. Its integral is taken with respect to the logarithm of the horizon, so numerical integration should use log-horizon…

The discussion distinguishes portfolio volatility from portfolio return measurement for a long position in one stock and an equal short position in another. A covariance-based volatility formula can produce a small value when the assets have similar…

The document explains how a forward rate for borrowing or lending over a future period relates to spot Treasury yields across the full maturity. A 10-year rate and a 10-year rate beginning ten years later combine to determine the 30-year return, with the…

The document raises a derivation question about two binary call options under a risk-neutral geometric Brownian motion model. It states the familiar form for an asset-or-nothing call, whose payoff is the underlying asset when its terminal price exceeds the…

The document addresses a reported difference in output from FIGARCH estimation: one specification displays coefficients and inferential statistics, while another displays only coefficients. The accepted response explains that the latter estimation did not…

The document distinguishes the drift used to price derivatives from the drift used to simulate future underlying prices. Under the risk-neutral measure, derivative valuation uses the relevant risk-free rate; for a real-world simulation of potential future…

The document sets up a payer forward contract entered at zero value and later offset by a receiver contract on the same accrual period. Subtracting the two terminal cash flows yields a payoff proportional to the change in the forward rate between the entry…

The document discusses automating a momentum strategy that looks for equities reaching a new all-time high while excluding stocks whose high has been renewed on immediately successive days. The question contrasts retrieving and sorting the full price history…

The document considers a portfolio that is short EUR/USD and long GBP/USD, and asks how options could limit losses while preserving the possibility of gains. The key observation in the response is that the two positions create an implicit short EUR/GBP…

The document asks where to obtain historical overnight index swap rates across a range of maturities, motivated by pricing foreign exchange options. It distinguishes a single overnight benchmark such as the Effective Federal Funds Rate from a full OIS curve,…

The document derives the expected time integral of an Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process up to its first hit of a fixed threshold. It first notes that conditioning on the process being at the threshold at that stopping time adds no information, since the…

The document raises a statistical question about uncertainty in option Greeks estimated with Monte Carlo simulation. It starts from a simulated option value with a standard error, then applies central finite differences to estimate Delta from prices at…

The document explains why option pricing becomes less determinate when an underlying follows a jump-diffusion process. In the Black–Scholes framework, market completeness yields a unique risk-neutral probability measure and therefore a unique arbitrage-free…

The document explains how overnight indexed swap rates relate to daily overnight rates and how compounding builds the floating leg over a term. It distinguishes the compounded overnight payment for a three-month period from the quoted three-month OIS swap…

The document asks whether a standard or regulated method exists for calculating the balance-sheet value of a fixed-rate term repo. It proposes a formula that starts from the cash notional and accrued interest from the contract rate, then adds an adjustment…

The document discusses estimating sensitivities for a European arithmetic basket call, whose payoff depends on the sum or average of several underlying assets. Because the basket has multiple underlyings, it has separate deltas, vegas, and other…

The document examines a Monte Carlo simulation of a European call under the Black–Scholes–Merton model. It contrasts compounding normally distributed simple returns with exponentiating normally distributed log returns, then gives the drift adjustment needed…