নলেজ লাইব্রেরি

The brief supports Coinbase’s effort to compel the SEC to respond to a petition seeking rules for securities offered and traded through digital systems, including clearer criteria for identifying which digital assets are securities. It argues that exchanges…

This analysis measures Ethereum’s history growth, meaning the accumulated blocks and transactions needed to replay the chain, and compares it with state growth. Using high-resolution data categorized by contract activity, it describes shifts from early…

This incident report explains how a batch-call library combined with an auction contract created a payment vulnerability. Delegatecall preserved the caller and the original payment value across batched calls, so a user could invoke the ETH commitment…

The brief argues that an investment contract and the asset involved in that arrangement are legally distinct. It draws on the Howey case and later court decisions involving varied assets, contending that courts assessed the surrounding agreements and…

This comment letter responds to the NCUA’s proposed rules implementing the GENIUS Act for stablecoin issuers. It supports parts of the framework while arguing that some requirements could burden early-stage issuers, create legal uncertainty, or fail to…

The document explains US securities registration routes for token offerings, including public offering forms and ongoing reporting duties. It argues that registration is not a single filing: issuers must address SEC comments, disclose financial and other…

The analysis estimates how EIP-1559 could change miner revenue by separating block subsidies, transaction inclusion fees, and miner-extractable value (MEV). Under the proposal described, subsidies and MEV remain with miners, while base fees are burned; fees…

Paradigm reports a poll of U.S. likely voters fielded in February 2026 about prediction market awareness, use, public opinion, and regulation. The survey found reported use for wagering or checking odds, with differences across age, race and ethnicity, and…

The article explains how fork-choice rules select a canonical blockchain when competing blocks exist, and how reorganizations can reverse recent blocks. Under proof of work, the chain with the greatest cumulative difficulty wins, so short reorganizations can…

This document summarizes Paradigm’s amicus brief in the SEC’s case against Bittrex. Its central legal argument is that the SEC’s authority over fundraising transactions involving tokens does not automatically extend to later secondary-market trades in those…

The post introduces Reth, an open-source Ethereum execution client written in Rust, and explains its design aims: performance, modularity, configurable resource tradeoffs, and support for node operators with different needs. Its components are intended to…

The article explains why generating zero-knowledge proofs can be computationally expensive and identifies multi-scalar multiplications and fast Fourier transforms as common bottlenecks. It describes their different hardware demands: multiplications can be…

This article summarizes Paradigm’s response to an ESMA consultation on deciding when crypto assets qualify as financial instruments. That classification affects whether an asset is treated under the EU’s crypto-specific MiCA framework or the broader…

The article describes the American Power Index, a composite measure that combines prediction market signals with facts about current government control. It is reweighted weekly and is intended to represent both present political power and expectations about…

The article reviews a White House working group report proposing policy changes for US digital assets. It covers distinctions between decentralized and centralized finance, updates to Bank Secrecy Act treatment, a digital asset taxonomy, division of SEC and…

The comment letter argues that U.S. energy markets should allow perpetual contracts and continuous trading for storable commodities such as oil. It contrasts perpetuals, which have no expiry date, with dated futures that require traders to close and reopen…

The document summarizes Paradigm’s amicus brief in SEC v. Wahi, which challenges the SEC’s treatment of secondary trades in nine crypto tokens as securities transactions. Its central legal distinction is between a token as an asset and an investment contract…

The document summarizes objections to a proposed Consumer Financial Protection Bureau rule for large digital wallet providers. It argues that the rule’s broad definition could cover custodial and noncustodial crypto wallets, blockchain activity, and software…

The document explains intents as signed, declarative constraints that state a desired outcome while allowing a third party to choose how to execute it. This can simplify blockchain interactions, support batching and order matching, and enable flexible gas…

The document explains how staking pools can reduce barriers to Ethereum proof-of-stake participation. Pooling allows users to stake less than the solo-staking minimum and delegate validator operations. A pool may also hold liquid ETH reserves to meet…

The document sketches yTokens as on-chain, collateral-backed obligations that settle on a specified future date against a target asset. It compares them to zero-coupon bonds: users can buy or sell the tokens to create synthetic fixed-term lending or…

This policy essay argues that government ethics restrictions on crypto ownership can make it harder for financial regulators to recruit staff with relevant expertise. It points to an Inspector General report describing recruitment challenges at the SEC, and…

The document proposes Martingale shares, called Mortys, as a way to create tradable fractional exposure to a class of NFTs. A vault owner deposits an NFT and sells shares representing part of the claim. At regular intervals, a random settlement process…

The document argues that crypto protocols can become more dependable and widely adopted by limiting governance to areas where human decisions are necessary. It defines credible neutrality as confidence that a protocol will not be changed to favor a…