交易成本如何影响均衡收益与流动性溢价
文章 arXiv papers · 作者: Lukas Gonon et al.
总结
本文分析交易速率面临凸成本时的风险分担均衡。在一个具有线性状态动态和外生波动率的无限期模型中,均衡收益围绕无摩擦情形下的收益波动。存在二次成本时,偏离遵循 Ornstein–Uhlenbeck 动态;存在比例成本时,偏离则遵循双重反射布朗运动。更一般的情形包含任意状态动态和内生波动率,会产生耦合的非线性前向后向系统。
对于这些更复杂的情形,作者介绍了一种基于模拟的深度学习数值求解方法。对价格和成交量时间序列进行校准后,模型得到了流动性溢价以及适度的波动率上升。报告的影响在不同成本设定下相似,因此二次成本可作为便于处理的替代设定。所提供的文本没有给出校准细节或溢价的量化估计,而且该数值方法用于尚无既定适定性结果的模型。这些发现涉及建模的均衡行为,并非直接交易策略或实际收益的证明。
核心观点
- 交易成本会使均衡收益偏离无摩擦情形下的收益。
- 在指定模型中,二次成本会使收益偏离遵循 Ornstein–Uhlenbeck 动态。
- 比例成本会使这种偏离遵循双重反射布朗运动。
- 更一般的模型需要数值方法求解耦合的非线性前向后向系统。
- 校准结果将流动性溢价与波动率适度上升联系起来,并发现不同成本设定下的影响大体相似。
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全文
# Asset Pricing with General Transaction Costs: Theory and Numerics # Asset Pricing with General Transaction Costs: Theory and Numerics We study risk-sharing equilibria with general convex costs on the agents' trading rates. For an infinite-horizon model with linear state dynamics and exogenous volatilities, we prove that the equilibrium returns mean-revert around their frictionless counterparts - the deviation has Ornstein-Uhlenbeck dynamics for quadratic costs whereas it follows a doubly-reflected Brownian motion if costs are proportional. More general models with arbitrary state dynamics and endogenous volatilities lead to multidimensional systems of nonlinear, fully-coupled forward-backward SDEs. These fall outside the scope of known wellposedness results, but can be solved numerically using the simulation-based deep-learning approach of Han, Jentzen and E (2018). In a calibration to time series of prices and trading volume, realistic liquidity premia are accompanied by a moderate increase in volatility. The effects of different cost specifications are rather similar, justifying the use of quadratic costs as a proxy for other less tractable specifications.
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