预言机关联型做市商:定价、再平衡损失与预言机风险
文章 arXiv papers · 作者: Hamed Amini et al.
总结
本文介绍自动做市商,其报价同时取决于资金池储备和外部预言机。该框架面向价格发现发生在链下的市场,包括代币化证券。在满足所述预言机收缩条件时,报价介于预言机价格与根据资金池储备推导的隐含价格之间。
作者提出损失相对于再平衡的分解方法,用以区分市场滞后带来的风险敞口与预言机错误造成的损失。他们将分析扩展至过时或离散的预言机更新,以及更新前后的夹击攻击。该框架指出,在某些条件下,与预言机关联的设计相较于不考虑信息的做市商,可以提高局部资本效率并降低标准化的损失相对于再平衡的差额;但数据源噪声足够大或过时时,这些收益可能消失。研究使用一秒间隔的 SPY 报价数据进行反事实回测,以展示权衡并比较不同假设预言机机制下的设计;这并不能证明其实盘部署表现。
核心观点
- 所提出的做市商同时使用资金池储备和外部预言机定价。
- 在收缩条件下,其报价介于预言机价格和储备隐含价格之间。
- 损失分解区分市场滞后风险敞口与预言机错误造成的损失。
- 分析纳入了过时更新及更新前后的夹击攻击。
- 与预言机关联的设计可能提高资本效率并减少标准化再平衡损失,但噪声数据源可能抵消这些优势。
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# Oracle-Parametrized Constant Function Market Makers: From Price Feeds to Pricing Rules # Oracle-Parametrized Constant Function Market Makers: From Price Feeds to Pricing Rules This paper introduces oracle-parametrized automated market makers (OP-AMMs), i.e., automated market makers whose quoted price depends jointly on the pool reserves and an external oracle price. In doing so, we extend the information-agnostic AMM framework to settings, such as tokenized securities, for which price discovery occurs off-chain. Under a strict oracle-contraction condition, we show that the quoted price of any OP-AMM interpolates between the oracle price and an implicit autarkic price determined by the pool reserves. We then derive a general loss-versus-rebalancing (LVR) decomposition that separates the residual exposure to market lags from the losses induced by oracle errors. This analysis is further extended to stale, discrete-update oracles and to sandwich attacks around oracle updates. Using this framework, we find conditions under which OP-AMMs simultaneously increase local capital efficiency and reduce normalized LVR relative to information-agnostic AMMs. However, sufficiently noisy or stale oracles can reverse these gains. A counterfactual backtest using one-second SPY NBBO data is provided to demonstrate these trade-offs. In particular, we map the Pareto-efficient frontier of oracle-parametrized constant function market maker (OP-CFMM) designs across stylized oracle regimes.
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